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Spacer DNA = intergenic spacer (IGS) is a region of non-coding DNA between genes

snippets of DNA from viruses that have attacked the bacterium.

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prokaryotic bacteria immune system against foreign genetic elements

encode proteins that mediate the defense process

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

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segments of DNA containing short, repetitive base sequences

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In a palindromic repeat, the sequence of nucleotides is the same in both directions

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Nucleotide = Nitrogenous base + Pentose + Phosphate